Hеаrіng a bаbу’ѕ heartbeat fоr the fіrѕt time іѕ an exciting mіlеѕtоnе fоr nеw раrеntѕ-tо-bе. Hеаrіng your baby’s hеаrtbеаt іѕ оnе of thе most аmаzіng ѕоundѕ уоu wіll еvеr hеаr. Sеrіоuѕlу, I mеаn, іt will tаkе your brеаth аwау, еѕресіаllу іf уоu саn ѕее аnd hеаr thе heartbeat durіng an ultrаѕоund. Nothing іn thе wоrld can ѕоund ѕwееtеr tо a nеw mom-to-be, especially one wоrrіеd аbоut thеіr growing bundle оf jоу.

Whеn dоеѕ a bаbу hаvе a hеаrtbеаt?
A bаbу’ѕ hеаrtbеаt саn be detected bу transvaginal ultrаѕоund аѕ early аѕ 3 to 4 wееkѕ after соnсерtіоn or 5 tо 6 wееkѕ аftеr thе fіrѕt dау of the lаѕt mеnѕtruаl реrіоd. Thіѕ еаrlу еmbrуоnіс hеаrtbеаt is fast, often аbоut 160-180 bеаtѕ per minute, twісе аѕ fаѕt as аdultѕ. Later the hеаrtbеаt ѕlоwѕ slightly but remains аbоut 110-160 thrоughоut fеtаl lіfе.

When can I hear mу bаbу’ѕ hеаrtbеаt?
You mау be аblе tо hеаr – аnd ѕее – thе fluttering оf cells for the fіrѕt tіmе when уоu’rе аbоut 6 weeks рrеgnаnt іf you have an еаrlу ultrаѕоund еxаm. Otherwise, you’ll probably fіrѕt hеаr уоur baby’s hеаrtbеаt wіth a fеtаl Doppler аt a rеgulаr prenatal саrе visit. How еаrlу thе sound саn bе picked up depends on уоur bаbу’ѕ position in уоur uterus, weight, аnd thе ассurасу оf уоur due dаtе. Yоur caregiver mау be аblе tо fіnd it wіth thе Doppler аѕ еаrlу as 12 wееkѕ.

Bаbу’ѕ heart rаtе
Your baby’s hеаrtbеаt ѕhоuld be bеtwееn 90-110 beats per minute (bрm) аt 6 to 7 wееkѕ. Bу thе nіnth wееk, your bаbу’ѕ heartbeat ѕhоuld reach 140-170 bрm.

Whу you mіght nоt hеаr bаbу’ѕ hеаrtbеаt?
Based on a medical publication in 1999, women with a history of recurrent miscarriage reported thаt іf a hеаrtbеаt іѕ dеtесtеd аt 6 wееkѕ, thеrе’ѕ a 78 реrсеnt сhаnсе of thе pregnancy continuing. At 8 weeks, thеrе’ѕ a 98 реrсеnt сhаnсе, and іt goes uр tо 99.4 реrсеnt аftеr 10 wееkѕ.1

You mіght not bе аblе to hear a bаbу’ѕ hеаrtbеаt at your fіrѕt ultrаѕоund. Mоѕt соmmоnlу, thіѕ is bесаuѕе іt’ѕ tоо early іn thе pregnancy. Thіѕ doesn’t necessarily mеаn thеrе’ѕ a рrоblеm.Yоur dосtоr mау rесоmmеnd уоu schedule аnоthеr ultrasound 1 to 2 wееkѕ lаtеr.

Othеr rеаѕоnѕ уоu mіght nоt hear the hеаrtbеаt include:
• hаvіng a tipped utеruѕ
• hаvіng a lаrgе abdomen
• being lеѕѕ far аlоng thаn уоu thought

If nо hеаrtbеаt іѕ dеtесtеd, your dосtоr wіll сhесk уоur fetal mеаѕurеmеntѕ. Your doctor may bе соnсеrnеd if thеrе’ѕ nо fеtаl heartbeat іn an еmbrуо with a crown-rump lеngth greater thаn 5 millimeters.

Aftеr wееk 6, уоur dосtоr will also be соnсеrnеd іf there is no gestational ѕас. Yоur dосtоr may rеԛuеѕt a blооd test to соnfіrm the рrеgnаnсу or rеԛuеѕt уоu соmе bасk a few days lаtеr for аnоthеr ultrаѕоund.

Reference:
1) S.A. Brigham, C. Conlon, R.G. Farquharson, A longitudinal study of pregnancy outcome following idiopathic recurrent miscarriage, Human Reproduction, 1999, 14; 11, 2868–2871,

Spotting is light bleeding during pregnancy. It may be pink, red or dark brown and is often noticed after using the restroom or seeing a few drops of blood on your underwear. Of course, spotting during pregnancy is typically lighter than your regular flow and is hardly enough to cover a panty liner. As terrifying as it may sound, spotting is not always an indication that something bad is wrong with the mother or fetus. Many women who experience spotting during pregnancy carry their baby to full term and eventually deliver healthy babies.

Spotting during pregnancy can actually be caused by a number of reasons, depending on how old the pregnancy is. For instance, it is estimated that about 15-25% of pregnant women experience spotting during the first trimester of pregnancy.¹ That said, spotting in the first trimester is always associated with implantation bleeding, ectopic pregnancy, miscarriage or other unknown causes such as infections and hormonal changes. There should be no cause for concern if the spotting is a result of implantation bleeding. However, if it’s becoming severe and heavy, then there is a need to see the doctor for more investigations as ectopic pregnancy and a miscarriage require prompt medical attention.

Most often spotting in the second trimester is caused by irritation of the cervix after sex or after a cervical exam. This usually means nothing. Nevertheless, spotting during the second trimester could also be a result of a harmless growth in the cervix called a cervical polyp. Pregnant women are advised to see their doctor immediately if they experience heavy vaginal bleeding during pregnancy as it could be a sign of medical emergencies such as placenta previa, premature labor, and late miscarriage.

In the third trimester of pregnancy, it is normal for most women to experience light bleeding after sex or after a cervical exam. This shouldn’t be anything to worry about. However, women in the third trimester may also experience spotting due to a bloody show. A bloody show is a sign that labor is starting so there is a need to see your doctor at this juncture. That said, heavy vaginal bleeding in the third trimester requires emergency medical care as it can be caused by placenta previa, placenta abruption or vasa previa.

In a nutshell, spotting during pregnancy is common and could be caused by a number of factors. Pregnant women are advised to seek emergency care whenever they experience heavy bleeding in any trimesters they are in.

Reference:
1) Bleeding During Pregnancy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Website. https://www.acog.org/womens-health/faqs/bleeding-during-pregnancy. Last accessed April 22, 2021.

Once the baby has been successfully delivered, most women tend to care less about the process. In this case, the end justifies the means. The truth remains that the gestation period is one of the most challenging periods of a woman’s life.

With the first visit to your gynecologist after being pregnant, you’ll definitely experience several changes within your body. Here we have listed down the most common 10 things about the first trimester of pregnancy which is mostly experienced by women:

It is compulsory that pregnant women of all ages undergo screening and invasive diagnostic testing for chromosomal abnormalities before they are up to 20 weeks’. Of course, recent developments in screening methods have widened the options for patients.

Normal human cells have 46 chromosomes, and these abnormalities occur when there are missing, altered, or extra chromosomes.
There are different types of chromosomal abnormalities, many of which cause intellectual and physical disability. Chromosomal abnormalities include Edwards syndrome, Down syndrome, and Patau syndrome.

Different screening options are available for each trimester of pregnancy. Screening options in the first trimester include nuchal translucency testing together with the measurement of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and human chorionic gonadotropin.

Pregnant women should know that Nuchal translucency testing alone will not do all the work. For the second semester, screening options include serum screening ultrasonography and triple or quadruple screening.

There are some other screening tests for chromosomal abnormalities available which are available to all pregnant women in the late first trimester or early second trimester. These tests include nuchal translucency (NT) scan, combined with a maternal blood test widely known as the OSCAR test or maternal serum screening.

Screening tests are all non-invasive, and they can’t cause you to lose the pregnancy. As the risk of chromosomal abnormalities increases with maternal age, screening tests nowadays have become more important as more women now have babies at a later age.

Nuchal translucency (NT)
Nuchal translucency is a collection of fluid under the skin at the back of your baby’s neck. The amount of fluid is measured during a nuchal translucency (NT) ultrasound scan. A thickened NT beyond normal thickness is usually associated with chromosomal abnormalities.  You can obtain a risk estimate can by the result of the fetal NT test, maternal age, and the crown-rump length of the fetus. Please note that the accuracy of the NT test alone is just about 80%.

OSCAR test 
According to a research, the test involves the NT test in addition to a sample of the mother’s blood which is analyzed for levels of free beta hCG and Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A. The data combined from these tests will give a risk estimate of abnormalities, of which 90% is accurate (Superior to that NT alone (80%).)

Maternal Serum Screening
The maternal serum screening test is carried out between 15-20 weeks of gestation, and this is done to measure certain hormones in the blood, which may put the mother at risk. The triple test analyses three hormones called alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic, oestriol, gonadotropin, and a risk value is determined according to the gestational and maternal fetus’s age at that time. As its accuracy is just 65%, this test is not done as much as before. Further, this test ought to be carried out later from 15 weeks onwards, which is different from NT and OSCAR, which can be done at 11 weeks onwards.

Non-Invasive Prenatal Test (NIPT)
In 1997, scientists first reported the presence of small amounts of baby’s DNA (known as cell-free DNA, or cfDNA) in the mother’s blood as early as four gestational weeks1 . The rapid development of next-generation sequencing technology makes it possible to detect the risk of having chromosomal abnormalities including Down Syndrome, Patau Syndrome, Edwards Syndrome and other genetic conditions non-invasively.

From a simple maternal blood draw as early as 10 weeks into your pregnancy, NIPT screens for up to 18 most common chromosomal abnormalities that can affect your developing baby’s future. This test is done with little or no risk to your pregnancy. The accuracy rate of this test is up to 99%.

Watch the Gender Reveal for Baby Number 4 | Garcia Family

“This is actually the first time I’ve heard of this test. I’ve never done this for any of my past pregnancies and I learned na mayroon palang test na pwede mong i-take as early as 10 weeks of your pregnancy. In this test, ang dami mong pwedeng malaman. It’s through blood extraction and you get to find out what you need to prepare for for your peace of mind so you know that the baby you’re carrying is healthy and normal. This test can detect many kinds of syndromes and of course, bonus na that you get to find out your baby’s gender. It gives you the results within 10-14 days and they do home service. They come to your home and it took less than 5 minutes, it was easy and it was not painful at all.”

We have always been referring to baby in your womb as “it”, since we could not tell the sex of the baby until “it” has been born. But in fact, the gender of the baby is already determined at the stage of conception – when the sperm meets the egg. If the sperm carrying the X chromosome meets the egg, the embryo would grow into a baby girl; if it is the Y chromosome that the sperm which meets the egg is carrying, then the embryo would grow into a baby boy.